Bernard Schiff is Professor Emeritus, Psychology, at the University of Toronto. He has published numerous articles in neuroscience on motivation and emotion in animals and man, and was Associate Chair of the Psychology Department and Director of the Psychology undergraduate program in1992-2002. In 2002, on leaving the University, he co-founded The Walrus magazine, and was Publisher of the magazine and Executive Director of The Walrus Foundation until 2006. He is also founding director and secretary of Soundstreams Canada, a new music organization based in Toronto.